Scale is a buildup of mineral deposits, primarily calcium and magnesium, on the interior surfaces of pipes, water heaters, and other plumbing components. It is caused by hard water, which contains high levels of dissolved minerals that precipitate out when the water is heated. Scale formation can reduce water flow, decrease heating efficiency, and lead to premature wear or damage to plumbing equipment. Regular descaling treatments, water softeners, or filtration systems can help prevent scale buildup, maintain water quality, and extend the lifespan of plumbing systems.
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